HomePorts And ShippingWhat are the Types of Ships?

What are the Types of Ships?

There are different types of ships available in the world’s vessel fleet. According to the UNCTAD data in 2019, the world fleet has 95,402 ships with 1.97 billion deadweight capacity. In January 2021, the deadweight capacity reached 2.1 billion dwt which is 63 million dwt more than the year 2020. The container ships play a big role in the merchant shipping fleet as most of the finished goods carry in containers. You may have come across different types of ships and their unique use and specifications. Having a specialized ship is easy when handling cargo in international trade as it reduces the handling time, cost and increases efficiency.

Here are some interesting facts on the global shipping fleet. Half of the world’s fleet is owned by Asian companies. This is 1,065 million deadweight tons. Mainly China, Japan, Singapore, and Hong kong contribute to Asia’s share of the world DWT. And 16% of the total carrying capacity is registered in Panama. And did you know that 94% of global ship construction is carried out in China, the Republic of Korea, and Japan.

We have gathered different types of vessels for your reference.

Break Bulk

Break Bulk ship- Types of Ships- Daily Logistics
Break Bulk Ship- Types of Ships

Breakbulk is the oldest shipping method. Before introducing the containers, all the cargoes were packed in pallets, barrels, boxes, drums were carried in one ship. The term break bulk originated from the word “breaking bulk” as different types of bulk cargo carry in one ship by breaking them with different packings. Though the breakbulk vessels were very popular prior 1960s, the use of breakbulk shipping has reduced with containerization.

Bulk Carrier

Bulk carrier- Types of Ships- Daily Logistics
Bulk Carrier-Types of Ships

Bulk vessels are designed to carry cargo in cargo holds of the ship. Bulk carriers are available with single cargo holds to more holds with a deadweight up to 400,000. Cargo can be loaded into the holds without packing and in bulk form. Steel, sugar, ore, grain, cement are the most popular cargo to carry in bulk ships. Bulk vessels are available with geared and gearless forms. Grabs are fitted to ship cranes or port/terminal cranes in order to lift the cargo from cargo hatches.

Some bulkers discharge cargo to trucks while some discharge into hoppers which are fitted to sailos through conveyor belts to transport cargo to the factory.

Bulk ships are single-decked and available in different sizes.

Container Vessels

Container ship- types of ships- Daily Logistics
Container Ship-Types of Ships

Container vessels are popular to carry non-bulk cargo and around 90% of non-bulk cargo carry in container ships. Faster handling, efficient use of ship space, minimize pilferage, low unit cost, and multimodal transportation are a few advantages of moving to container shipping. Shipbuilders construct different sized container ships and the largest container vessel in the merchant ship fleet can carry up to 24,000 TEU. HMM, shipping fleet has 12 container ships of Algeciras class and HMM Algecira remained the largest container ship in the world until Evergreen’s Ever Ace was added to the world fleet in 2021.

Tankers

Tankers are ships designed to carry liquid products and gasses. Oil tankers, chemical tankers, and gas tankers are the main tanker categories.

Oil Tankers

oil tankers- types of ships- Daily Logistics
Oil tanker-Types of Ships

Oil Tankers are ships designed to carry liquid cargo. There are two types of oil tankers as crude oil tankers and product tankers. Crude oil tankers are designed to carry unrefined oil to the refineries from oil wells. Product tankers carry refined oil and are small in size than crude oil tankers. Oil tankers move around 2 billion metric tons of cargo annually.

Oil tankers’ sizes vary from Handysize, Panamax, Aframax, Suezmax, Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC), to Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC). Mont is the largest oil tanker in the world fleet with 564,763 DWT capacity.

Chemical Tankers

Chemical tankers are designed to carry chemical products. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships; MARPOL Annex II – Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk and the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea; SOLAS Chapter VII – Carriage of dangerous goods covers the regulations for chemical tankers. Further chemical vessels should adhere to the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code).

As per the IBC code, there are 3 types of chemical tankers namely ST1, ST2, and ST3

LPG and LNG Carrier

gas carrier- types of ships- Daily Logistics
Gas Carrier-Types of Ships

LPG tankers carry petroleum gases in bulk form while LNG tankers carry liquid natural gasses. Some LPG tankers carry other gasses like ammonia, propylene, ethylene. Generally, both LNG and LPG ships are single decked and LNG ships have 4 to 6 cargo tanks. Both types of ships come under the category of gas carriers.

RORO Vessel

RORO vessel- types of ships- Daily Logistics
RORO Ship-Types of Ships

RORO vessels stand for Roll On Roll Off. These ships are specially designed to carry wheeled cargo. There are different types of RORO vessels available like pure car carriers (PCC) and combined with other cargo categories like containers (CON-RO).

RORO ship has adjustable decks to park vehicles. These Wheeled cargo drives in and out of the ship when loading and unloading. Once vehicles are loaded they are secure with lashes onboard to avoid damages while transporting.

MV Tønsberg is operated by Norwegian shipping company Wilh. Wilhelmsen remains as the largest RORO ship with a cargo capacity of 138,000 cubic meters. She has six fixed decks and three adjustable decks to load cargo.

Cruise Ship

Cruise ship- types of ships- Daily Logistics
Cruise Ship-Types of Ships

Cruise vessels are designed for the purpose of entertaining. Cruise ships provide world tours through the sea and different sized cruise ships are available in the world. The tour fee depends on the facilities available onboard same as hotels. Cruise ships are equipped with luxury rooms, swimming pools, sporting facilities, bars, magic shows, and many more entertainment activities.

The Wonder of the Seas remains as the world’s largest cruise ship operated by Royal Caribbean. symphony of the sea, Princess Cruises, Carnival Cruise Line International, and Seabourn are a few more cruise ship operators in the world.

Tug Boat

Tug boat- types of ships- Daily Logistics
Tug Boat-Types of Ships

Tug boats are designed to assist ships in maneuvering. When ships enter the ports for berthing, tug assistance is required to push and pull the vessel as the ship engine is unable to handle the ship itself. If the vessel is not under command (NUC) which means, the vessel is unable to maneuver due to her engine failure, she requires eternal force to maneuver the ship. During such time, tug assistance is required for the ship.

Ships have specific locations marked on the hull, where the tug can pull and push the ship without harming the ship structure.

Tugs have rubber tires around the tug in order to avoid damaging the ship when pushing and pulling. The ability of the tug to push and pull the ship depends on her towing power. Tugs are small in size though they provide propulsive power to bigger ships.

Pilot Launch

Pilot launch- types of ships- Daily Logistics
Pilot Launch-Types of Ships

The pilot launch is a small sized boat. In most of the ports, it is compulsory to get the designated pilot of the port onboard to maneuver the ship through the port access channel until it is berthed wise versa. To go onboard pilot has to go to the sea (Generally the outer anchorage of a port) and the craft which delivers the pilot to the sea calls a pilot launch. This is also known as pilot boat, pilot cutter, and pilot tender.

Dredger

Dredger_ types of ships_ Daily Logistics
Dredger: Types of Ships

The dredger is a vessel uses to excavate the materials on sea bed. When it is required to deepen the depth of a particular place especially the access channel and the water basin inside a port, a dredger uses to excavate the sand and other materials on the water bed. Dredging is essential when constructing a new port/terminal or harbor, recover deposits with a value for marine life and for mining.

There are different types of dredgers available under suction dredgers, mechanical dredgers.

Bucket dredgers, grab dredgers, dipper dredgers, trailing suction hopper dredgers, cutter suction dredgers, auger suction dredgers are a few main types of dredgers.

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